Bit Manipulation (IMP)

---

---

🔸 n & (n - 1)

• Unsets rightmost set bit (1)
• Example: 12 (1100) → 8 (1000)
• Use: Count set bits

---

🔸 n | (n - 1)

• Sets all bits to the right of rightmost unset bit
• Example: 8 (1000) → 15 (1111)
• Use: Fill lower bits with 1s

---

🔸 n & (n + 1)

• Unsets trailing set bits
• Example: 7 (0111) → 0 (0000)
• Use: Check if all bits are set → n & (n+1) == 0

---

🔸 n | (n + 1)

• Sets the rightmost unset bit
• Example: 10 (1010) → 11 (1011)
• Use: Set rightmost 0

---